SEOUL, December 31 (AJP) - South Korea’s headline inflation remained broadly anchored near the central bank’s target in 2025, easing to a five-year low of 2.1 percent for the full year, even as households continued to face elevated price pressures in daily expenses hovering near 3 percent — a gap likely to widen further amid persistent weakness in the won.
The consumer price index rose 2.3 percent in December from a year earlier, slowing slightly from the 2.4 percent pace recorded in the previous two months, according to data released Wednesday by the Ministry of Data and Statistics.
For all of 2025, inflation averaged 2.1 percent, the lowest since 2020 and down from 2.3 percent in 2024, signaling a return to the government’s target range of “around 2 percent.”
Everyday costs remain elevated
Beneath the headline figure, pressures tied to daily living costs remained stubbornly high. Fuel prices rose 6.1 percent on year in December despite softer global oil prices, reflecting the impact of the sharply weaker won. Prices for private services — a category closely linked to household spending — hovered near 3 percent, driven largely by higher dining-out costs.
Currency weakness is emerging as a key inflation risk heading into next year. The won has traded at crisis-era levels, pushing up import prices and raising the likelihood of further pass-through to consumer prices with a time lag.
The U.S. dollar averaged 1,421.97 won in 2025 based on weekly closing rates, marking the first time the annual average has exceeded the 1,400-won threshold. Previous record lows were 1,394.97 won in 1998 during the Asian financial crisis and 1,364.38 won in 2024 amid domestic political turmoil following the martial-law episode. The exchange rate hovered near 1,480 won for much of December.
Economists note that higher import costs typically take three to six months to feed through to consumer prices, suggesting upward pressure could intensify in the first half of 2026 even as headline inflation currently appears stable. Reflecting this trend, the living expenditures index climbed 2.8 percent on year, its highest reading of 2025, driven in particular by a 3.3 percent rise in food prices.
Weak won lifts fuel prices despite falling oil
Despite an 8.6 percent drop in Dubai crude prices — from $63.8 to $58.3 per barrel in December — domestic petroleum prices continued to rise as currency depreciation pushed up import costs.
Diesel and gasoline prices jumped 10.8 percent and 5.7 percent, respectively, marking the steepest increases among manufactured goods. As of Tuesday, gasoline in Seoul stood at 1,791 won per liter, while diesel was priced at 1,697 won.
By contrast, prices for automotive liquefied petroleum gas fell 6 percent on year, reflecting a more than 20 percent decline in global LPG prices as U.S. production surged in 2025. Cooking oil prices also dropped 15.5 percent, supported by a sharp increase in soybean supplies from major exporters such as the United States and Brazil.
Food prices continue to weigh on households
Prices for agricultural, livestock and fishery products rose 4.1 percent on year, maintaining a strong upward trend. The increase was driven by higher fertilizer import costs linked to the weak won, as well as supply disruptions from heavy rainfall and wildfires.
Rice prices surged 18.2 percent due to weather-related damage, while apple prices jumped 19.6 percent after wildfires significantly reduced cultivation areas.
Livestock prices also continued to climb. Imported beef prices rose 8 percent on year, while domestic beef increased 4.9 percent. On a monthly basis, imported and domestic beef prices advanced 2.7 percent and 1.7 percent, respectively, reflecting higher import costs for U.S. beef and rising feed prices.
By contrast, prices for vegetables less affected by weather conditions posted broad declines, with radish prices plunging more than 30 percent on year in December. The fresh food index rose 1.8 percent from a year earlier, a marked slowdown from November, although fish and shellfish prices remained elevated, up 6.9 percent.
Spending categories also reflected persistent pressure on household budgets. Prices for food and non-alcoholic beverages rose 3.6 percent, while dining and lodging costs increased 3 percent. Dining-out prices continued to climb, with raw fish prices up 4.2 percent and coffee prices rising 4.3 percent, following year-end increases in seasonal fish and coffee bean costs.
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