SEOUL, January 01 (AJP) -“The debate over whether sovereign artificial intelligence is even possible has completely shifted. Now the mood is: we can do it. That change in mindset is the most important development so far,” Lim Moon-young, the vice chairman of the National Artificial Intelligence Strategy Committee, told Aju Business Daily on Dec. 29, 2025.
More than 100 days after its launch under President Lee Jae Myung, the National AI Strategy Committee's biggest internal transformation is the growing recognition that artificial intelligence is no longer merely a policy agenda to be discussed, but a national strategy that must be executed.
Initial skepticism over whether Korea could realistically pursue “sovereign AI” has eased as plans to secure large-scale computing resources — including hundreds of thousands of graphics processing units (GPUs) — have taken shape and as the government’s commitment has become more visible. Officials say confidence has grown both inside and outside government.
The committee has elevated AI to a top-tier national agenda and is pushing for a government-wide shift in how policy is coordinated. Its approach includes converting the body into a statutory committee to strengthen authority, applying a so-called “funnel strategy” to compel interministerial cooperation, and drafting a basic AI law centered on infrastructure building and real-world deployment. The ultimate goal is to establish AI as a foundational national infrastructure across industry and society.
Below is a Q&A with Lim Moon-young, vice chair of the National AI Strategy Committee.
What stands out most after 100 days of the committee’s work?
“The biggest change is confidence — confidence that we can actually do this. At the beginning, there was a lot of doubt: ‘Can we really compete with big tech?’ ‘Is sovereign AI even feasible?’ But that atmosphere has changed completely. As plans such as securing 260,000 GPUs have taken shape, both policymakers and the public have gained confidence in the AI transition. People can now see that the government is serious, and that has changed attitudes,” Lim said.
The committee is set to become a statutory body next year. What will change?
“Becoming a statutory committee allows us to operate on a more stable footing. In the AI era, every ministry’s work inevitably overlaps, so coordination is essential. This committee is designed as a new organizational model to break down bureaucratic silos and drive cooperation.
“Through an AI action plan based on the funnel strategy, we assign clear roles, responsibilities and deadlines to each ministry. Their outcomes then flow back into the committee through a funnel structure that enforces collaboration. We will also introduce evaluation indicators so the process cannot be ignored, and we plan to monitor implementation through a council of chief AI officers centered on AI senior secretary Ha Jung-woo,” he said.
Why does South Korea need ‘sovereign AI’?
“Sovereign AI should not be misunderstood as a closed or exclusive approach that relies only on domestic products. The core issue is choice and control. If we do not have our own technology, we become vulnerable when overseas companies raise prices or cut off supply.
“It’s similar to national defense. Even if we buy fighter jets from the United States, we operate them ourselves. In the same way, we need a flexible strategy that maintains our own models while also using global technologies where appropriate,” Lim said.
Startups worry that an AI basic law could stifle innovation. How do you respond?
“This should not be framed as a simple choice between regulation and promotion. The real question is whether policy fits our current stage of development. From an AI-native perspective, we are still at a very early phase. We lack sufficient data centers and power infrastructure.
“In that situation, leading with regulation would be putting the cart before the horse. The AI basic law should not function as a regulatory law at this stage. It should serve as a foundation for support and promotion, helping us repay what I call the ‘technology debt’ accumulated over 20 years of underinvestment and enabling us to rapidly build AI infrastructure,” he said.
How should South Korea address widening knowledge gaps as subscription-based AI services spread?
“We are entering an era of what I call ‘knowledge inflation.’ Advanced knowledge should not be accessible only to those who can afford expensive subscriptions. Just as King Sejong created Hangul to democratize knowledge, the core philosophy of the government’s AI basic society is that benefits must be shared by everyone.
“Rather than simply distributing AI vouchers, the government can make foundational technologies — such as large language models or vision-language models — available for free or at low cost so startups and small business owners can use them.
“For example, a restaurant owner could upload sales data and have AI automatically handle complex tax filings or track health-certificate renewal dates. They could also ask questions like, ‘Most of my customers are in their 40s — what menu item should I add?’ or ‘How should I redesign my interior?’ and receive consulting-level analysis,” Lim said.
How can South Korea address power supply constraints linked to an AI-based economy?
“The solution is what I call ‘Gyeong-su, hyang-san’ — data in the capital region, computing in the provinces. China processes data generated in its eastern regions using power-rich western regions, and we can take a similar approach.
“Data creation will naturally remain concentrated around Seoul, but large-scale training data centers, which consume enormous amounts of electricity, should be located in regions with abundant power supply. Edge centers for inference, where real-time response is crucial, should be located in cities, but they must be carefully managed so they don’t proliferate uncontrollably.
“AI itself should help solve this problem by analyzing fluctuations in energy supply by time of day and season, and allocating power more efficiently. Just as Google DeepMind is working on using AI to manage nuclear fusion, the interaction must be two-way: AI improves energy efficiency, and energy sustains AI,” he said.
What are the committee’s mid- to long-term goals?
“I hope South Korea does not miss this golden window for AI transformation and succeeds in building an independent ‘third zone’ between U.S. and Chinese dominance. We are one of the few countries with a full-stack capability — spanning semiconductors, software, services and data.
“Our strengths lie in e-government know-how and world-class manufacturing. Going forward, we plan to expand the committee and place greater emphasis on physical AI as the next strategic frontier.
“Beyond industrial development, we also want to ask more fundamental questions: how democracy and social systems should evolve in the AI era, and what kind of identity and governance model Korea should pursue,” Lim said.
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