SEOUL, February 20 (AJP) - Kazakhstan's President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev signed a decree on February 11 to hold a national referendum on March 15 to decide on the adoption of a new constitution for the Republic of Kazakhstan. If approved by voters, the document will trigger a comprehensive political transition beginning July 1, including the end of the current parliament’s mandate and a fundamental shift in the country’s governance model.
The proposed reform marks a transition from targeted amendments to a total constitutional overhaul. The Embassy of Kazakhstan in South Korea noted that the changes reflect a move away from the current super-presidential system toward a presidential republic with a more authoritative parliament.
A central feature of the draft constitution is the establishment of a unicameral parliament, to be called the Kurultai. This body would consist of 145 deputies elected through a proportional electoral system for five-year terms. The Kurultai would be granted expanded powers, including the right to issue a vote of no confidence in the government and enhanced oversight of individual ministers. By a two-thirds supermajority, the parliament could also request that the president dismiss a minister for failing to implement laws.
The draft introduces several new political roles and bodies to balance the executive branch. A vice president position will be established, with the appointee requiring consent from the Kurultai. Additionally, the People’s Council of Kazakhstan will be created as the highest nationwide consultative body to represent the interests of the public. A clear succession order is also defined, moving from the vice president to the chair of the Kurultai, and then to the prime minister.
Legal safeguards and procedural rights are expanded in the 96-article document. The draft includes the constitutional recognition of the legal profession and reinforces the prohibition of retroactive laws. It also enshrines fair-trial safeguards, such as the presumption of innocence and the right to a lawyer from the moment of detention. Furthermore, the draft provides explicit protections for personal data and the confidentiality of communications in a digital environment.
The text was finalized by a 130-member Constitutional Commission following a six-month review process. During a nationwide public discussion, approximately 10,000 proposals were submitted by citizens and experts through electronic government portals. The commission reported that the review affected 77 articles, or approximately 84 percent of the existing constitution, leading to the decision to draft an entirely new text.
In the social sphere, the document reinforces the secular nature of the state while defining marriage as a voluntary and equal union between a man and a woman. It also identifies education, science, and innovation as central priorities for national development, signaling a strategic shift toward human capital rather than a reliance on natural resources.
If the reforms are endorsed in the March 15 referendum, the new constitution will replace the existing framework. Within one month of the new constitution taking effect, the president must announce elections for the new Kurultai, which are to be held within two months of that announcement.
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