South Korea Moves L-SAM Into Mass Production as Middle East Air Defense Demand Rises

At IDEX 2025 in Abu Dhabi, LIG Chairman Koo Bon-sang introduces the long-range surface-to-air missile system L-SAM to UAE President Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan. (Photo provided by LIG Nex1)

Demand for air defense networks is rising in the Middle East following the war involving the United States and Israel and Iran. After the midrange Cheongung-II was deployed in combat, South Korea has moved its long-range surface-to-air missile system, L-SAM — often described domestically as a “Korean-style THAAD” — into mass production. The rollout of new Korean air defense systems is expected to speed efforts to target the Middle East arms market.

According to the defense industry on Monday, L-SAM has entered the mass-production phase. Designed to intercept ballistic missiles in the upper atmosphere, L-SAM can engage targets at an interception altitude of 40 to 60 kilometers (25 to 37 miles), a capability that has led to comparisons with the U.S. THAAD system. Along with Cheongung-II, which covers altitudes of 30 to 40 kilometers (19 to 25 miles) and below, L-SAM is considered a core component of South Korea’s missile defense architecture.

Deployment is approaching. The Defense Acquisition Program Administration last year reviewed and approved the final mass-production plan for L-SAM. The total project cost is about 1.7302 trillion won, with the goal of fielding the system with South Korean forces starting next year.

An L-SAM launcher and the system’s multifunction radar are shown deployed. (Photo provided by Hanwha Aerospace)

LIG Nex1, Hanwha Aerospace and Hanwha Systems are participating in production. LIG Nex1 is responsible for overall system integration, Hanwha Aerospace for the launcher, and Hanwha Systems for the multifunction radar.

Interest is also building overseas. With Cheongung-II deployed in the United Arab Emirates and credited with proving its performance, Middle Eastern countries have shown growing interest in L-SAM, the report said. In Europe, Switzerland has recently expressed interest.

Swiss online outlet Watson reported Monday that South Korea’s L-SAM, under development, could play an important role in defending Swiss airspace.

South Korea is also pursuing follow-on systems. Development is underway for L-SAM II, an upgraded version of the system now entering mass production. Work has also begun on Cheongung-III (M-SAM III), which aims to significantly improve interception altitude, detection range and simultaneous engagement capability compared with Cheongung-II.

In the securities industry, analysts forecast LIG Nex1’s consensus operating profit this year at 435.2 billion won, up 34.8% from a year earlier. Operating profit is also expected to rise sharply at Hanwha Aerospace (43.1%) and Hanwha Systems (183.9%).

Jang Won-jun a professor in the Department of Advanced Defense Industry Studies at Jeonbuk National University, said many countries built air defenses focused on mid- and low-altitude threats, making interest in an upper-tier interceptor like L-SAM likely to grow. "The Middle East and Europe are facing urgent conditions, so discussions on adoption could move faster there than in Korea," he said.

* This article has been translated by AI.

Oh Jooseok farbrother@ajunews.com