Korean Banks Expand Corporate Lending Despite Rising Delinquencies Under ‘Productive Finance’ Push

Korean banks are accelerating corporate lending despite the risk of rising delinquency rates, stepping up funding after the government’s push for so-called productive finance. Banks have even overhauled key performance indicators, or KPIs, to drive lending. Critics warn that aggressive expansion, combined with weak regional economies, could undermine asset quality in coming years.

As of the end of last month, corporate loans at the five major commercial banks — KB Kookmin, Shinhan, Hana, Woori and NH NongHyup — totaled 859.7737 trillion won, up 15.0483 trillion won from the end of last year, according to the financial sector on Saturday.

Loans to large companies rose 8.7127 trillion won to 179.0119 trillion won over the same period. Lending to small and midsize companies increased 6.3356 trillion won to 680.7618 trillion won.

Behind the faster pace of lending is the government’s productive-finance agenda. Financial authorities have laid out a plan to invest a combined 1,240 trillion won in productive finance over the next five years, including private and policy financing. The banking sector is expected to provide 614 trillion won, with the remainder backed by policy finance. The Financial Services Commission has also specified that, of this year’s total 240 trillion won in corporate financing, 106 trillion won should be concentrated outside the Seoul metropolitan area. Meeting those volume targets is pushing banks toward more aggressive lending from this year.

Banks have responded by launching new products and rewriting KPIs. KB Kookmin Bank reclassified about 1,000 industries as “productive finance” sectors and lowered lending hurdles for companies with weaker collateral. Shinhan Bank newly assigned 25 points to productive-finance items. Hana Bank said it will apply a 1.2-times weighting to lending performance in core advanced industries, meaning a 1 billion won loan would be counted as 1.2 billion won in performance terms.

Industrial Bank of Korea, a state-run lender, also added 10 productive-finance products to its KPIs, including loans to foster advanced-technology companies, a special support program for regional advanced-innovation industries, IBK Hope DREAM loans for small merchants, IBK Value Growth loans for small merchants, loans to support companies hit by tariff damage, and loans to support industrial safety activation.

As banks raced to expand supply, the four major commercial banks — KB, Shinhan, Woori and Hana — posted 31.7 trillion won in productive-finance lending in the first quarter. That equals 47.2% of their annual target, reaching nearly half the goal in three months.

Concerns are also growing. With the economic slowdown dragging on and more so-called zombie companies emerging, some warn that added financial support for sectors such as construction, petrochemicals and steel — amid Middle East-related risks — could later return as a wave of bad loans.

The financial sector typically recalculates corporate credit ratings each April and May based on companies’ 2025 financial statements, and expects more downgrades in areas such as petrochemicals. A downgrade can trigger demands for repayment or higher interest rates. But banks, under the productive-finance drive, may face pressure to offer support such as rate cuts or maturity extensions even to firms whose ratings have fallen.

“Even before productive finance gets going, companies look like they’re dying because of Middle East-related risks,” a financial industry official said. “Concentrating funding on large companies and having them distribute work to their subcontractors is a way to minimize bad loans.”