Japanese Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi met Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese in Canberra on May 4 (local time) and agreed to broaden cooperation across defense, economic security, energy and cyber issues, Japanese media reported. It was Takaichi’s first trip to Australia since taking office and came in the 50th year since the two countries signed the Japan-Australia Basic Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation. Takaichi said the two nations were building ties that could be described as “quasi-allies.”
Japanese outlets highlighted defense cooperation. Australia in April selected an upgraded version of Japan’s Maritime Self-Defense Force Mogami-class destroyer escort as its next navy frigate. The Yomiuri Shimbun reported that of 11 ships to be deployed, three will be built in Japan and eight in Australia. The arrangement would expand production and maintenance hubs to Australia and strengthen the two countries’ ability to sustain operations. Quoting a Japanese Defense Ministry official, the paper said operating the same ships would allow joint crew training and enable operations on a shared foundation of unit practices.
The Nikkei said the deal is tied to Japan’s shift in defense exports. In April, the Japanese government abolished “five-category” restrictions that had limited exports of lethal defense equipment. If the upgraded Mogami-class ships are produced in Australia, it could also support future supply to allies and partners. Yomiuri quoted Australian Defense Minister Richard Marles as saying, “There is no country in the world that is as strategically aligned as Japan.”
After the talks, the leaders issued a “leaders’ statement on enhanced defense and security cooperation,” listing seven priority areas including intelligence collection and analysis, joint development of defense equipment, cooperation to maintain supply chains, and securing sea lanes. With Australia a member of the Five Eyes intelligence-sharing group with the United States and Britain, Japanese media said closer intelligence ties could also aid Takaichi’s push to create a “National Intelligence Agency.” The leaders also agreed to establish a “strategic cyber partnership.”
On economic security, the two signed a “Japan-Australia joint declaration on economic security cooperation” and released two joint statements on critical minerals and energy security. The declaration cited “strong concern” about export restrictions, particularly on critical minerals, and said critical minerals would be elevated as a “core pillar” of the bilateral economic security relationship, in a move aimed squarely at China’s rare earth export controls.
Japanese media linked the summit to shifting U.S.-China dynamics. The Asahi Shimbun reported that the Trump administration has promoted a Western Hemisphere-first “Monroe Doctrine” approach and that some U.S. forces previously deployed to the Indo-Pacific moved to the Middle East, raising concerns about a “power vacuum.” Yomiuri reported that an amphibious assault ship from the Sasebo base and Marines stationed in Okinawa were dispatched to the Middle East, quoting a Japanese government official as saying cooperation among friendly nations is important to avoid making China think “now is the chance.” Takaichi told the meeting that cooperation with the United States, a shared ally, is indispensable amid a severe international environment, while also making clear Japan would strengthen multilateral coordination such as Japan-U.S.-Australia and Japan-U.S.-Australia-India frameworks, based on ties with Australia.
Australia is also grappling with uncertainty over the United States, Yomiuri said. Australia announced in April it would raise defense spending as a share of gross domestic product to 3% by 2033 from about 2.8%, but that remains below the 3.5% sought by the United States. The paper said the Trump administration at one point signaled it would review AUKUS plans for Australia to deploy nuclear-powered submarines, stirring concern in Australia.
China is another pressure point. Nikkei reported that after experiencing economic coercion such as China’s restrictions on coal imports during the early 2020s COVID-19 period, Australia shifted policy toward reducing dependence on China. In 2025, a Chinese naval flotilla conducted live-fire drills in the Tasman Sea between Australia and New Zealand, raising regional tensions, the paper said. Australia’s national defense strategy released in April said China’s growing national power and military buildup are major drivers reshaping the regional security environment.
Michael Green, head of the United States Studies Centre at the University of Sydney, told Asahi that Australia’s Labor government is trying to redefine the United States from a partner that “shares common values” to one that “shares interests.” He urged strengthening Japan-U.S.-Australia security cooperation to boost deterrence and diversifying supply chains to reduce risks from dependence on China.
* This article has been translated by AI.
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