SEOUL, January 08 (AJP) - China’s curbs on exports of strategic minerals, including rare earths, are intensifying calls for South Korea to accelerate efforts to stabilize its supply chain, with business and academic circles urging the government to diversify sourcing and offer stronger incentives for refining and processing.
South Korea’s government-led drive to secure strategic minerals has largely stalled for more than a decade. While trading houses and materials companies have periodically sought supplies outside China, officials said policy support has remained fragmented and insufficient.
Industry officials contrasted South Korea’s approach with Japan, which suffered widespread industrial disruption after China restricted rare earth exports during a dispute over the Senkaku Islands. Since then, Japan has spent more than a decade expanding supply chains through long-term investments in Southeast Asia, South America and Africa, maintaining continuity regardless of changes in government.
In October last year, Japan launched a critical minerals and rare earth supply-chain framework with the United States and Australia aimed at reducing dependence on China.
Tokyo has also increased research and development spending on alternative materials to replace China-sourced rare earths used in wind turbines, electric-vehicle motors and batteries. Japanese automakers, including Honda and Toyota, have reported progress from those efforts since last year.
The United States, which the report said has faced what it describes as China’s weaponization of strategic minerals since early last year, is also moving more quickly to cut reliance on China. Measures include restarting domestic graphite mining for the first time in 70 years.
U.S.-based Titan Mining plans to produce 40,000 tons of graphite a year — roughly half of U.S. demand — with commercial sales targeted for 2028. The company’s expansion is backed by subsidies under the Inflation Reduction Act and direct federal support, the report said. Chief Executive Rita Adiani said China could no longer be regarded as a reliable supply-chain partner, adding Titan would supply “a significant portion” of U.S. needs.
In South Korea, experts said the government should move faster to diversify strategic-mineral supply chains.
Kang Cheon-gu, a visiting professor at Inha University’s Graduate School of Manufacturing Innovation, said state-level efforts were needed to expand sourcing from rare earth-producing countries outside China, including Australia, Indonesia, Malaysia and Vietnam. He also called for tariff exemptions on imports from those countries and long-term investment to secure overseas mines.
Business groups are also urging broader government support for companies that help stabilize strategic-mineral supply chains, citing policies adopted in the United States and Japan. They argue South Korea should make more active use of the National Growth Fund, including direct investment and indirect support such as tax incentives for companies including Korea Zinc and Posco Future M.
Korea Zinc, backed by large-scale U.S. government investment, has decided to build a smelter in the United States to produce 11 strategic minerals — including antimony, indium, gallium, germanium and bismuth — sectors long dominated by China.
Posco Future M said it will invest in Saemangeum to build a plant capable of producing 37,000 tons of spherical graphite a year, with completion targeted for the third quarter of next year.
* This article, published by Aju Business Daily, was translated by AI and edited by AJP.
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