SEOUL, January 16 (AJP) - Naver Cloud and Kakao, South Korea’s two largest internet platform operators, have decided not to take part in an additional round of bidding for the government’s flagship artificial intelligence project, dealing an early setback to Seoul’s push to build a “sovereign AI” foundation model.
The withdrawal by the two companies — long seen as natural contenders given their vast user data, cloud infrastructure and AI research capabilities — comes after the first-round evaluation of the Ministry of Science and ICT’s state-led project. Their absence has raised concerns that the so-called “K-AI” initiative could lose momentum at an early stage.
Naver Cloud, after being eliminated in the first evaluation round on Thursday, said it “respects the government’s decision,” but added it is “not considering” participating in the additional call. Kakao, which failed to advance in an earlier selection stage, also confirmed it has “no plan to try again,” according to a senior company official.
The decisions reflect doubts about the benefits of the program and disagreements over the government’s evaluation standards, industry officials said.
The ministry has emphasized building an AI model “from scratch,” limiting reliance on external open-source code and retaining full control over data and the model itself. Naver Cloud was cut after falling short of those criteria, officials said.
An industry source said major platform companies, which have actively adopted open-source technologies in line with global AI development trends, likely concluded their chances were slim unless the government’s strict interpretation of “independence” changes. Companies may also have weighed the reputational risks of failing again after an initial loss, the source added.
Other eliminated bidders, including NC AI and KT, have said they are still considering whether to apply for the additional round. The government plans to add one more participant to form a four-way competition, but the process already faces uncertainty. If major players stay out and the field narrows to smaller firms, the symbolic value of naming a “national representative” AI model could be diluted, industry watchers said.
The three teams that advanced from the first round struck a confident tone. LG AI Research, which posted the highest overall score, said its efforts reflect Chairman Koo Kwang-mo’s AI-focused strategy and pledged to pursue global leadership through its “K-EXAONE” model.
SK Telecom said it will work with partners, including game developer Krafton, to scale its model to trillions of parameters. Upstage, the only startup to advance, said it plans to collaborate with Stanford University and other institutions to build a model competitive with global big-tech offerings.
Experts said the controversy highlights a widening gap between the government and the private sector over the definition of “sovereign AI.”
Kim Yoo-seok, head of the Chey Institute for Advanced Studies, wrote in a recent report that South Korea needs a balance between technological self-reliance and global linkage, rather than unconditional localization.
The ministry said it plans to proceed with the additional call for bids in the first half of the year. But with Naver Cloud and Kakao opting out, attention is now focused on whether the government can adjust incentives or criteria to lure them back — or whether the project will effectively consolidate around LG AI Research, SK Telecom and Upstage.
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