The fiscal plans were unveiled at a meeting on Monday chaired by President Lee Jae Myung at Cheong Wa Dae, with key Cabinet members and other officials in attendance.
Minister of Planning and Budget Park Hong-keun said national tax revenue is expected to exceed 500 trillion won in 2027, compared with an earlier projection of 412 trillion won, while total expenditure would rise more than 10 percent from this year's original budget.
At the center of the plans are a proposed fund that would accumulate tax revenue exceeding its long-term trend and deploy the money over several years in four areas: younger generations, growth engines, regional development and talent.
The expansion will be paired with what the government described as its largest-ever expenditure restructuring, including reviews targeting reductions of 15 percent in discretionary spending and 10 percent in mandatory spending to free resources for higher-priority programs.
The government said heavier investment in 2027 would raise potential growth and strengthen the revenue base, allowing expenditure growth, the fiscal balance and the government debt ratio to be managed more steadily over the medium term rather than relying solely on future tax gains.
Semiconductors, AI data centers and physical AI were designated as three megaprojects that will receive priority in budget allocation, infrastructure construction, regulatory support and coordination with private investment.
For AI data centers, the government will form an interministerial task force to support 8.4 gigawatts of private investment planned through 2029, while promoting core technologies, large-scale test beds, industry clusters and an alliance of domestic companies.
In physical AI, Seoul aims to build a domestic full-stack platform covering foundation models, devices, AI chips, networks and security by 2030, with public procurement supporting early demand as applications expand from manufacturing into defense, care services, agriculture and policing.
The semiconductor plan will support a projected 957 trillion won ($638 billion) in private fab investment by strengthening domestic suppliers of materials, components and equipment, packaging and foundry businesses, along with next-generation chips for on-device AI, power systems and defense.
The government will also expand electricity, water, transportation and housing infrastructure, develop a semiconductor-focused advanced city at a military air base in Gwangju, and begin preparations for a first-of-its-kind fab in Yongin, Gyeonggi Province, by 2031.
Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Economy and Finance Koo Yun-cheol said the investment drive would be paired with plans to train more than 200,000 young specialists and create more than 300,000 jobs through private hiring, public employment and entrepreneurship.
Koo also proposed additional public rental housing, a youth-oriented individual savings account and temporarily eased income requirements for housing loans for newlyweds, while extending employment insurance, training and retirement support to platform workers and freelancers.
The fiscal push reflects a broader assessment by the Ministry of Economy and Finance, the Ministry of Planning and Budget, the Bank of Korea and the Financial Services Commission that stronger semiconductor-led growth and tax revenue should be converted into productive investment.
At an expanded macro-fiscal-financial meeting in June, the four authorities cited a 17.1 percent year-on-year rise in first-quarter nominal gross domestic product and a 53.2 percent increase in May exports, while agreeing that additional fiscal room should support potential growth and ease polarization and living-cost pressures.
They nevertheless warned that higher interest rates and volatility in foreign-exchange and equity markets could weigh disproportionately on vulnerable borrowers, small-business owners, import-dependent companies and leveraged investors, while the BOK’s June review highlighted housing, household debt and nonbank risks despite broadly stable financial conditions.
The FSC's 150 trillion won fund will separately channel public and private financing into advanced industries, leaving the proposed Future Response Fund to manage above-trend revenue as a long-term fiscal resource, although detailed contribution rules and the division of responsibilities remain undecided.
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