Korean Air Weighs Cutting Captain Promotions by About 17% Amid First Officer Shortage

Korean Air is moving to reduce the number of first officers promoted to captain, a step the airline says is aimed at smoother crew operations but one that has drawn growing pushback from pilots who are nearing eligibility. Some in the industry also see it as an effort to adjust cockpit staffing ahead of the planned year-end integration with Asiana Airlines.

According to industry officials on Tuesday, Korean Air is reviewing a plan to cut annual captain promotions to 120 from 144, a reduction of about 17%. Under the current system, 12 first officers can be promoted each month; the plan would lower that to 10.

The move is tied to a shortage of first officers, according to people familiar with the matter. Airlines typically schedule captains and first officers in equal numbers for flights, and as more first officers move up, gaps in the first-officer pool widen.

The airline’s difficulty in securing new first officers has also influenced the decision, the officials said. One key variable has been a decline in the number of military pilots able to move to civilian airlines. For fixed-wing pilot officers who did not graduate from the Air Force Academy — including ROTC and officer-candidate programs — the mandatory service period for those commissioned after July 1, 2015, was extended to 13 years from 10. Starting in the second half of last year, their discharge dates began shifting to the second half of 2028 or later.

Airlines say that has tightened the supply of military-experienced pilots this year. An industry official said, “I understand the number of first officers coming in with military experience this year has fallen to about one-third of the usual level.” With a major pipeline for new first officers constrained, Korean Air’s staffing burden has increased.

Korean Air pilots have strongly objected to the plan. They say that even if they meet the requirements for promotion, fewer slots would keep them in first-officer roles longer and could worsen a promotion backlog. Asiana has not discussed cutting captain promotions, but adjustments are expected as an integrated airline takes shape.

Some observers argue Korean Air is moving early to reorganize cockpit staffing ahead of the integration. They say aircraft and personnel redeployments will be unavoidable before the year-end launch of the combined carrier, and that managing the scale of captain promotions is intended to reduce operational strain after integration.

Korean Air has recently been holding job-specific briefings on post-merger human resources integration. For pilots, a central issue is how seniority will be combined and whether that could delay captain upgrades.

“Even as more pilots continue to meet the time requirements for captain promotion, the time spent as a first officer can only get longer,” an industry official said. “Combined with the seniority issue ahead of integration, internal dissatisfaction could grow further.”