According to the Korean National Police Agency (KNPA), 1,249 new overseas fugitives were recorded last year, up 31 percent from 951 a year earlier. It marked the first time the annual figure exceeded 1,000 since police began compiling the data.
Police attribute the sharp rise to the growing internationalization and organization of crime, particularly scam- and fraud-related offenses structured to operate across borders.
In the past, overseas flight was largely associated with suspects attempting to evade punishment after committing violent crimes such as murder or robbery. In recent years, however, many criminal operations have been designed from the outset to run from abroad, with perpetrators establishing overseas bases while targeting victims in South Korea.
That shift has drawn renewed attention to Cambodia, which has emerged as a major hub for global online scam operations. Last August, a South Korean college student who traveled to Cambodia after being promised a high-paying job was found dead near a crime compound in the Bokor Mountain area of Kampot province. A joint investigation and autopsy conducted with local authorities found extensive signs of assault and torture.
Police believe hundreds of scam compounds operated by Chinese criminal organizations are scattered across Cambodia, drawing in criminal groups from South Korea, Japan, Vietnam and elsewhere to form an extensive transnational network.
Experts trace the roots of this structure to the mid-2000s, when Cambodia and China jointly developed the Sihanoukville Special Economic Zone. After China intensified its anti-corruption campaign under President Xi Jinping in 2018, casino capital and criminal groups relocated to Cambodia. When the COVID-19 pandemic undermined the casino economy, these groups pivoted to online scams, repurposing existing infrastructure and manpower into what police describe as corporate-style fraud operations.
Fraud accounted for the largest share of offenses among overseas fugitives last year, with 757 cases, or 60.6 percent of the total, followed by online gambling at 141 cases, or 11.3 percent. Most involved cyber-enabled financial crimes, including voice phishing, investment scams, romance scams and schemes using deepfake technology, the KNPA said.
"In the past, suspects could simply flee overseas and wait out the statute of limitations," said Shin Yi-chul, chair of the Department of Police Science at Wonkwang Digital University. "But the law has since been revised so that the statute of limitations is suspended when a suspect flees abroad. Overseas flight no longer offers a real escape — at best, it buys time."
Law enforcement authorities have stepped up cooperation with foreign counterparts through permanent joint investigation teams, enabling faster arrests on the ground.
Extraditions have also risen. Police repatriated 828 fugitives last year, up nearly 20 percent from the previous year, marking the fourth consecutive annual record since 2022. In total, 263 South Korean suspects were arrested in Cambodia alone.
"Crimes committed domestically have become much harder to carry out," an official at the KNPA's International Cooperation Bureau said. "International cooperation — through channels such as Interpol and bilateral partnerships — is now far more active and effective than in the past."
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